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(Y/N) FLIGHTS 1-25 ARE PERMANENTLY STORED AND CANNOT BE ALTERED. TOUCH TO CONTINUE. DO YOU WISH TO LOG FLIGHT # 000? (Y/N) }P'gǟA\ ' 矈Ao ' JOLJOXJPJQJRJOJJOY& P0 PyN' JO"EA ' ៈA# ' !AA ' &ˎ@ ' @ ' @٦ ' JPJQJRA@禀 ' Y'N'[ |P`_& 8THIS MEMORY AREA IS CLEAR TO RECORD ADDITIONAL FLIGHTS. B˦ ' ៈB妀 ' JOLJOJPuJQtJRsJOJJOPt#}P&zJO0PP߈` &G& ' , E&1! ' , 19}P&F|P!߈`?&JPuJQtJRs`PJQJROPJO'%L '|P |JQOJQ '|P JQ|JR|P ӋpJPJQpJQJRpJR9P&G shuttle flight log D} ', enter liftoff year enter landing year D}P'Dg ' NUlt'A%M"@JD&G shuttle flight log E ' i liftoff month landing month ED}P'ES ' NUpqghwxnJANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER 'A%L"@JHE&JCJF& 9shuttle flight log enter liftoff date enter landing date GF6 ' gFI}P'F\ ' NUlt'0%9"' '5& ف0%9"JKJL00P =P JL00JKJJJC"(#$&׶JH&ζJD'Ł' ' INVALID DATE ENTRY. GB! ' A TOUCH TO START AGAIN. Gs ' &MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY JEJI|JIJI &JI|JEG:POLP"1!JJ&JIJH&JEJD& JH%1? eJD'&1? V&1? ށ&1> ց&1= ΁&1< 6&1< &1; &1: &19  &19 &18 17  OL'1?&PៈGP& ' , JF ' JKJL, 19JDV_ \ $0JM0JNJMJN! :IS THIS LIFTOFF DATE? (Y/N) IS THIS LANDING DATE? (Y/N) IS}P'Ip ' Y'N' P}P'0PJHJKJLJMJN}P&|P}P' Ptq}qÆ!qņqƆq|'aq|P0P}P'JOLJOP1?&)zPÿCDп ORG $7000 WRITE LDX $C006 LDA #&19 STA TRACK LDA #&7 STA SECTOR% LDD #$4000 START ADDRESS OF BUFFER STD BUFFER# LDD #$4Ao Z& * SHUTTLE FLIGHT LOG, (C) 1987 * * By David A. Mills * @ & Z&Ct 'CƦC[& ' , B&1! ' , 19 'C}C' H ********************************************************** Aa' '3A& Z&|C $ RETURNED: A㦠 '  FLIGHT # B ' CCC $ LAUNCHED: B[ ' 9CCCOCC'%L '|C |COC '|C C|C|C Ӌ0CC0CC0C|CH9January February March April May June July August September October November December Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday '0CC= Z& P*Z&9oqņqƎ@qJq@4 -PÆL'4ݍ^' X'5U >!%9Pߨ%4ҷ4pb"fgifڇ4Ҙ0&5ҏ'm9)4v +) 1415+&( /'$04'0 " %5ӢxJ34'23+b$b! 5`3$ '32 1 04```````DISK`MAIN`MENU````````jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj``````````````````````````````q~``SHUTTLE`LAUNCH`CONTROL``````````````````````````````r~``SHUTTLE`DATA`BASE```````````````````````````````````s~``FLIGHT`LOG``````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj``hCi`qyxw`BY`DAVID`An`MILLS`0 $ 5? &?&2&t&&1' 2'A3'n 0qņqƎqmq qņ qƎtq{qt4 0qņ qƎPqQqҎtq{qt4 0qņqƎqqqņqƎ@qJq!qņqƎtq}q@4 ki````````````````````````````````~~~~~~~`SHUTTLE`DATA`BASE`||||||`````````````````````````````````q~`ORBITER``````````````````````r~`EXTERNAL`TANK````````````````s~`SOLID`ROCKET`BOOSTERS````````t~`SPACE`SHUTTLE`MAIN`ENGINES```u~`KENNEDY`SPACE`CENTER`````````v~`LAUNCH`COMPLEX`sy````````````w~`COUNTDOWN`MILESTONES`m`I`````x~`COUNTDOWN`MILESTONES`m`II````y~`SPACE`TELESCOPE``````````````````````````````````````````````D~`DIAGRAM`OF`SPACE`SHUTTLE````rrPR&'1'42'R3'n4'5'6'7'ց8'9' D'$ qņqƎq`q`dqņqƎqqPDqņqƎqq$qņqƎqqqņ qƎqqqņqƎq'qd&Ćqņ qƎq7qD6qņqƎq6q$6qņqƎqqdqņ qƎq%qVn&Kr MGƖZ&&+GƖZ&&+𭟠&!xxx4@3xx5@xx[2&Նr * ņr Vx¦x'&a%r1|xx &x1` ҭ':V'U'JR'y ߎVon&9xx$ˎWn&lx3 xx3 xx3mxx#lV&x3x4@3!xx3x5@3"']^o  SHUTTLE DATA BASE, (C) 1987 **** By David A. Mills **** w$' x Z&* * *  Z&  * * * x ' &   o 1!8&! xl' x%: xÆ?x Z&o2&>o2&`` The ORBITER is the most complicated, expensive, and important part of the Shuttle system. The Orbiter is the spaceplane in which the astro- nauts work and the payloads are stored. The term 'Shuttle' refers to the entire system, including Booster Rockets and External Fuel Tank. The term 'Orbiter' refers only to the spaceplane. It is therefore not correct to state that the 'Space Shuttle' has landed at Edwards Airforce Base, rather the ORBITER has landed. Originally there were four Orbiters constructed for space flight by Rockwell: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, and Atlantis. To test aerodynamics, Rockwell also built the Enter- prise, but this vehicle was never intended to fly outside Earth's atmosphere. Challenger was destroyed on January 28, 1986, in a catastrophic explo- sion shortly after liftoff. Congress soon appropriated money to build a replacement. Most of the Orbiter is made from aluminum, but the surface area is covered with silica tiles. These tiles compose the Orbiter's Thermal Protection System, which protects the Orbiter from the extreme heat of reentry into Earth's atmo- sphere. Surface temperature during reentry can reach 2,750 degrees Fahrenheit. The tiles are made from very pure sand. ///// ORBITER DIMENSIONS ///// Wingspan: 78 feet Nose to tail length: 122 feet Height: 57 feet Weight empty: 165,000 lbs. Cargo Bay 15 X 60 feet ////////////////////////////// The Orbiter is capable of carrying 7 people during a normal flight and 10 under an emergency situation. A flight may last a maximum of 30 days. While orbiting Earth, the spacecraft's speed is 17,500 miles per hour. This is nearly 5 miles per second. One orbit requires 90 minutes. Unlike previous spacecraft, the Space Shuttle Orbiter was designed to be reusable, for up to 100 flights. The interior of the crew cabin is divided into two levels. The upper level houses the flight control computers used by the commander and pilot to navigate the vehicle. The lower level contains the galley for food preparation, hot and cold water dispensers, an eating area, a sleeping facility, storage lockers, and a toilet. Both levels of the Orbiter are pressurized with a pure nitrogen/oxygen mixture to an atmospheric pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch. This simulates sea-level conditions on Earth. Electrical power is generated by three fuel cells using super cold liquid hydro- gen and oxygen. Mounted on the rear of the Orbiter are three Main Engines used during launch. These are the first rocket motors ever designed for reuse. Also seen on the rear of the Orbiter are two smaller Orbital Maneuver- ing Rockets, and jets known as the Reaction Control System. The Orbiter is assembled in Palmdale, California, by the Space Division of Rockwell International. j.ꛣ/x  The EXTERNAL TANK contains fuel for the Orbiter's three Main Engines. The top of the E.T. stores super cold liquid oxygen. The bottom contains liquid hydrogen. These two elements are kept in separate areas and are piped separately into the Orbiter's engines. There, they are mixed together and ignited to produce thrust. The External Tank is the only major part of the Shuttle that is not reusable. It is jettisoned from the Orbiter about 9 minutes after liftoff and falls into a remote ocean area. Much of the E.T. burns up in the upper atmosphere as it tumbles earthward. The E.T. is made primarily of aluminum and is covered with a spray-on polyurethane foam. This foam protects the E.T. during launch and ascent when temperatures are great. The first two Shuttle flights saw the E.T. painted white. All later missions left the E.T. its natural dark orange color to save on weight. ///EXTERNAL TANK DIMENSIONS/// Length: 154 feet Diameter: 28 feet Weight when Empty: 78,100 lbs. Oxygen Tank: 143,000 gal. 1,359,000 lbs. Hydrogen Tank: 383,000 gal. 226,000 lbs. ////////////////////////////// Notice in the above table that the volume of hydrogen is about two and one half times greater than the volume of oxygen. Yet this larger volume of hydrogen weighs about 5 times less than the smaller volume of oxygen. Many NASA launch vehicles use super cold liquid hydrogen as their fuel because of its light weight and high performance. The External Tank is made in New Orleans, Louisiana, by Martin Marietta Corporation and is shipped to the Kennedy Space Center by barge. If the E.T. is destined for the Cali- fornia launch site at Vanden- berg Airforce Base, the barge must travel through the Panama Canal. 12-JUN-840b543R35n_oZ&9 O4C '  & '2a450%:IF9A%[ The SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS or SRB's provide most of the thrust required to raise the Shuttle system off the launch pad. The SRB's are the two long cylindrical objects on either side of the External Fuel Tank. Prior to launch, the entire Shuttle weight is supported by the SRB's. The term 'Solid Rocket' means that the fuel inside the Booster casing is solid, not liquid. The fuel consists of Aluminum Power and Ammonium Perchlorate. Once this mixture is ignited, it is impossible to turn off. The computers and ground launch controllers can abort a liftoff until the mo- ment the SRB's are ignited. Then the Shuttle system is com- mitted to flight. The SRB's burn for about 2 minutes to an altitude of 27.5 miles. At that time, explosive bolts joining the SRB's to the External Tank are energized, causing the Boosters to dis- engage from the Tank. Because of inertia, the SRB's continue to climb upward for a short time, then begin a long fall into the ocean. Shortly before reaching the water, each SRB deploys three large parachutes to reduce impact speed. Once in the water, two recovery ships locate and retrieve the SRB's and return them to the launch site. There, they are disassembled into 11 segments and sent by train to Morton Thiokol in Brigham City, Utah, for inspection and refueling. The Shuttle SRB's are the largest solid motors ever flown and the first ones de- signed for reuse, up to 20 flights. ////////////////////////////// SRB DIMENSIONS Length 149 feet Diameter 12 feet Weight 1,300,000 lbs. Thrust 2,650,000 lbs. ////////////////////////////// /???@ The Space Shuttle system has 3 MAIN ENGINES mounted on the rear of the Orbiter. These engines are difficult to see while the Shuttle is sitting on the pad. Do not confuse the Orbiter's Main Engines with the two larger Solid Rocket Boosters attached to either side of the External Fuel Tank. The Space Shuttle Main Engines /SSME/ are the most advanced liquid-fueled rocket engines ever built. They are capable of variable thrusting, which allows more precise con- trol than previous designs. An SSME has the highest thrust for its weight of any engine ever developed. The SSME is reusable up to 55 separate Shuttle flights. Fuel for the SSME is liquid hydrogen, which is carried in the large External Fuel Tank, along with liquid oxygen. The liquid oxygen is used in the SSME to aid in combustion. The hydrogen fuel is burned at a rate of about 45,283 gallons per minute. The Main Engines begin to fire about 5 seconds before liftoff, and continue until 8 minutes into the mission. Then they are shut down and the External Fuel Tank is dropped into the ocean. ////////////////////////////// 10 INCREDIBLE FACTS ABOUT SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINES 1. Fifty times every second, the SSME electronic controller evaluates the engines and then adjusts the engine valves to obtain peak performance during launch and ascent. 2. Although not much larger than an automobile engine, the SSME high-pressure fuel turbo- pump generates 100 horsepower for each pound of its weight, while an automobile generates about one-half horsepower for each pound of its weight. 3. Each of the 122 fuel pump blades, about the size of a half-dollar, generates 700 horsepower while spinning at 37,000 revolutions per minute. 4. The SSME operates at greater temperature extremes than any mechanical system in use today. The liquid hydrogen fuel is -423 degrees Fahrenheit, the second coldest liquid known to man. When ignited, the engine combustion chamber reaches 6000 degrees Fahrenheit--that is higher than the boiling point of iron. 5. The maximum equivalent horsepower developed by the 3 SSME's is just over 37 million horsepower. 6. If water, instead of fuel, were pumped by the SSME's, an average family-sized swimming pool could be drained in 25 seconds. 7. One Shuttle Main Engine pro- duces 10 times more thrust than a 747 airliner's engine. 8. Discharge pressure of an SSME high-pressure fuel turbo- pump could send a column of liquid hydrogen more than 34 miles in the sky. 9. One SSME turbopump weighs about the same as an ordinary V-8 engine, but develops 310 times more horsepower. 10. The energy released by 3 SSME's is equivalent to the output of 23 Hoover Dams. ////////////////////////////// The Main Engines are assem- bled at Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell International in Canoga Park, California.  7<?>c? The KENNEDY SPACE CENTER is the primary launch site for America's Space Shuttle fleet. It is near the town of Cape Canaveral, Florida. In 1963 the town of Cape Canaveral was renamed Cape Kennedy in honor of our former President. With permission from the Kennedy family, the town's name was restored to Cape Canaveral in 1973. But the launch facility retains the name Kennedy Space Center. There is one primary reason why the Cape Canaveral area was chosen as our launch site. The Earth, which rotates in an eastward direction, spins more quickly near the equator than near the polar regions. When launched in an eastward direc- tion, the space vehicle is given a 'kick in the pants' by the Earth's eastward spin. Nature's launch assist is used to best advantage in Florida, because it is further south than other American locations. The French launch spacecraft from French Guiana in South America to gain this launch assist. France itself is much further north, where Earth's rotation is slower. Most Space Shuttle missions are launched toward the east. These flights must liftoff from Kennedy Space Center. But some missions call for a polar orbit, in which the Orbiter flies in northern and southern directions. These flights must begin from Vandenberg Airforce Base in California. A Shuttle launched from Florida toward the north or south requires liftoff ascent over populated areas. For safety reasons, no such launch can occur from Kennedy Space Center. The Kennedy Space Center has an excellent Visitor's Cen- ter and provides public tours of its current launch facili- ties and historical launch sites. /???@ LAUNCH COMPLEX 39 is the area of Kennedy Space Center devoted to launching the Space Shuttle. Complex 39 was origi- nally constructed to launch Apollo/Saturn 5 rockets which took men to the moon. The Sky- lab missions and Apollo-Soyuz Test Project also began their flights from Complex 39. After the Apollo project ended in 1975, the area was modified to accommodate the Shuttle. Today, Launch Complex 39 consists of two Launch Pads, 39A and 39B, and the following major facilities: SHUTTLE LANDING FACILITY: When an operational Shuttle Orbiter returns to Earth from its mission in space, it will often land at the Kennedy Space Center on one of the world's most impressive run- ways. This facility is located two miles northwest of the Vehicle Assembly Building. The Landing Facility runway is about twice the length and width of those used at commer- cial airports. It is 15,000 feet long and 300 feet wide, and is 16 inches thick. The Orbiters are guided automatically to safe landings by a sophisticated Microwave Scanning Beam Landing System. Unlike conventional aircraft, the Orbiter lacks propulsion during the landing phase. Its high-speed glide must bring it to a perfect landing the first time. There is no circle-and- try-again capability. The land- ing speed of the Orbiter is 215 miles per hour. ORBITER PROCESSING FACILITY: Space Shuttle Orbiters are processed between missions in a structure analogous to a sophisticated aircraft hanger, an Orbiter Processing Facility. The Orbiter is towed into the OPF after its arrival at the nearby Landing Facility. The processing of the Orbiter for flight resembles an airline maintenance program, not the customary long and complex vehicle preparation of the early manned space flights. The Shuttle Orbiter has the ability to carry a variety of different payloads into space. If a given payload is to be secured horizontally within the Cargo Bay of the Orbiter, such installation is done in the OPF. If the payload sits vertically within the Cargo Bay, such as a satellite, the payload is loaded into the Or- biter at the Launch Pad. After the Orbiter has been serviced and readied, it is towed to the Vehicle Assembly Building to be mated with the other components of the Space Shuttle System. VEHICLE ASSEMBLY BUILDING: VAB is one of the largest buildings in the world. It covers a ground area of about 8 acres. It is 525 feet tall, 716 feet long, and 518 feet wide. VAB is where all Space Shuttle elements are mated together and inspected before each launch. MOBILE LAUNCHER PLATFORM: The Mobile Launcher Plat- form serves as a transportable launch base for the Shuttle. The MLP is carried into the VAB by a Crawler-Transporter. Inside, the separate segments of the Solid Rocket Boosters are stacked on this Platform. Next, the External Fuel Tank is joined to the assembled Booster Rockets. Finally, the Orbiter itself is lifted into position by bridge crane and mated to complete assembly of the Space Shuttle System. When final inspection is completed, the Shuttle and its Mobile Launcher Platform are carried to the Pad by the Crawler- Transporter. Once at the Pad, the Shuttle and Platform are locked into position and the Crawler-Transporter returns to the VAB or to its parking area. LAUNCH CONTROL CENTER: The Launch Control Center is the brain of Launch Complex 39. This is a four-story white building on the east side of the VAB. The LCC and its many computers control every aspect of liftoff preparation. The Space Shuttle final countdown requires about two and one half hours, compared to the 28 hours for an Apollo moon mission. Routine launches require about 45 people active in an LCC firing room, only one tenth of the 450 needed for previous manned launches. The LCC computers have total control of the count until 31 seconds before liftoff. Then control is transferred to the Orbiter's onboard computers. However, the Launch Director within the LCC retains ability to stop the count at any time before Solid Rocket Booster ignition. Software for NASA's Launch Control System is writ- ten in GOAL /Ground Operations Aerospace Language/ and runs on computers designed for this purpose by Honeywell. SOUND SUPPRESSION SYSTEM: Both Pads are equipped with a Sound Suppression System to protect the Shuttle from the acoustical, or sound, energy reflected from the Launch Plat- form during liftoff. The sound generated by liftoff is so great that it can bounce off this metal Launch Platform and damage or destroy the Shuttle. To prevent such damage, the Launch Platform is deluged with water just prior to start of the Shuttle Main Engines. Water is pumped at a rate of 900,000 gallons per minute and absorbs much of the sound ener- gy. Water is pumped for 20 seconds, until the Shuttle is about 1,000 feet off the Pad. HYDROGEN BURNOFF SYSTEM: Just prior to start of the Shuttle Main Engines, you may observe what appear to be giant sparklers burning under those engines. You are seeing the Hy- drogen Burnoff System in opera- tion. These flarelike devices are designed to burn any hydro- gen gas cloud that may be near the Pad area. Such a gas cloud could cause an explosion when the Main Engines are ignited. '/ e$'  !O'IQ'EXH'@ T':a& ' OZ䦀$0a"#4a031?&53 &05 ma'a''.'94V論&.& 1O$ 5V95V +-*!/4! &<=  ,; SHUTTLE COUNTDOWN MILESTONES: T - MINUS HR:MIN:SEC ----------- 06:00:00 -- Verification of launch commit criteria is com- plete at this time. The liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen sys- tems are begun to be chilled down in order to condition the ground line and valves, as well as the ET, for fuel loading. The Orbiter fuel cell activa- tion is performed. 05:50:00 -- The liquid hydro- gen chilldown is complete and a liquid hydrogen 'slow fill' begins. The slow fill will con- tinue until the tank is 2 per- cent full. 05:30:00 -- Liquid oxygen chilldown is complete. The liquid oxygen loading begins. The liquid oxygen loading starts with a 'slow fill' in order to acclimate the ET. Slow fill continues until the tank is 2 percent full. 05:15:00 -- The liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen slow fill are complete and the fast fill begins. The liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen fast fill will continue until that tank is 98 percent full. 05:00:00 -- The Inertial Measurement Units' /IMU/ cali- bration starts. The three IMU's are used by the Orbiter naviga- tion systems to determine the position of the Orbiter in flight. 04:30:00 -- The Orbiter fuel cell activation is complete. 04:00:00 -- The MILA /Merritt Island Antenna/, which trans- mits and receives communica- tion, telemetry, and ranging information, begins alignment verification. 03:45:00 -- The liquid hydro- gen fast fill is complete and a slow topping off process is begun and stabilized to 100 percent. 03:30:00 -- The liquid oxygen fast fill is complete to 98 percent. 03:15:00 -- The liquid hydro- gen replenishment begins. 03:10:00 -- The liquid oxygen replenishment begins. 03:00:00 -- The MILA antenna alignment is completed. -- The Orbiter close- out crew goes to the Launch Pad and prepares the Orbiter crew compartment for flight crew ingress. 03:00:00 -- HOLDING -- Begin 1 hour planned hold. A frost inspection of the ET on the Launch Pad is performed during this hold. 03:00:00 -- COUNTING -- The 1 hour planned hold ends. 02:30:00 -- Flight crew departs from quarters to Launch Pad. -- Liquid oxygen and hydrogen replenish completed. 01:50:00 -- Flight crew ingress Orbiter and seats. -- The SRB hydraulic pumping unit's gas generator heaters are turned on and the SRBs' aft skirt gaseous nitro- gen purge starts. -- The SRB Rate Gyros /RGA's/ are turned on. The RGA's are used by the Orbiter navigation system to determine rates of motion of the SRB's during first stage flight. 01:35:00 -- The Orbiter accel- erometers are powered up. -- The Orbiter Reac- tion Control System /RCS/ drivers are powered up. -- Orbiter crew com- partment cabin closeout. 01:30:00 -- The flight crew starts their communications checks. 01:25:00 -- The SRBs' Rate Gyro Assembly torque test begins. 01:20:00 -- Orbiter side hatch closure. -- An 'Abort Advisory' check is performed which simu- lates the emergency procedures used in the event that a mis- sion abort occurs. 01:10:00 -- Orbiter side hatch seal/cabin leak checks. -- Inertial Measure- ment Unit preflight alignment begins. 01:00:00 -- The Orbiter RGA's and accelerator assemblies are tested. 00:50:00 -- The flight crew starts the Orbiter hydraulic Auxiliary Power Unit /APU/ water boiler preactivation. 00:45:00 -- Cabin vent redun- dancy check. 00:40:00 -- The Eastern Test Range/Shuttle Range Safety System, terminal count closed loop test occurs. -- Cabin leak check complete. 00:32:00 -- The backup flight control system computer is configured. 00:30:00 -- The Orbital Maneu- vering System /OMS/ gaseous nitrogen system for the OMS engines is pressurized for launch. Crew compartment vent valves are opened. 00:26:00 -- The ground pyro initiator controllers are powered up. They are used to fire the SRB holddown bolts at liftoff and the hydrogen gas burnoff system prior to start of Space Shuttle Main Engines. 00:25:00 -- Air-to-ground noise checks. Launch weather aircraft. 00:22:00 -- The primary compu- ter data are transferred to the backup computer in order for both systems to have the same data. In case of a primary com- puter system failure, the back- up computer will take over con- trol of the Shuttle vehicle during flight. 00:21:00 -- Close the crew compartment cabin vent valves. 00:20:00 -- HOLDING -- A 10 minute planned hold starts. -- All computers in the firing room are configured with the proper programs for the final countdown. The test team is briefed on the recycle options in case of an unplanned hold. -- The landing convoy status is again verified and the landing sites are verified ready for launch. In case of an ascent abort, the Orbiter could return to the Shuttle Landing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center or could proceed across the Atlantic to African landing sites. -- The chase planes are manned. -- The IMU preflight alignment is verified complete. -- Preparations are made to transition the Orbiter onboard computers to Major Mode /MM/-101 upon coming out of the hold. This configures the computer memory to a termi- nal countdown configuration. 00:20:00 -- COUNTING -- The 10 minute hold ends. -- The transition to MM-101 starts. Upon confirma- tion of MM-101, the primary computers onboard the Orbiter are dumped and compared to ver- ify the proper onboard computer configuration for launch. 00:19:00 -- The flight crew configures the backup computer to MM-101 and the test team verifies the backup computer is tracking the primary compu- ter systems. The flight crew configures their instruments for launch. 00:18:00 -- The Mission Con- trol Center /MCC/ in Houston, Texas, now loads the onboard computers with the proper gui- dance parameters based on the prestated liftoff time. 00:15:00 -- The final 'Abort Advisory' checkout is per- formed. -- The OMS/RCS cross- feed valves are configured for launch. -- The chase aircraft are started. -- All test support team members verify they are 'Go for Launch.' 00:12:00 -- Emergency aircraft and personnel are verified on station. 00:10:00 -- The Ground Launch Sequencer /GLS/ takes a 'snap- shot' of all the parameters it monitors to insure all systems are 'Go for the final T minus 9 minute terminal countdown.' -- All Orbiter aero- surfaces and actuators are ver- ified to be in the proper con- figuration for hydraulic pres- sure application. The NASA test director gets a 'Go for Launch' verification from the launch team. 00:09:00 -- HOLDING -- A plan- ned 10 minute hold. -- The test team is briefed on emergency hold and cutoff procedures. Final GLS configuration is complete. 00:09:00 -- COUNTING -- The GLS auto sequence starts and the terminal countdown begins. -- The chase aircraft are launched. -- From this point, the GLS in the integration con- sole is the primary control unit until T minus 31 seconds when the onboard Orbiter pri- mary redundant set computers take over control. -- Checking of the launch commit criteria starts at this time. SHUTTLE COUNTDOWN MILESTONES: T - MINUS HR:MIN:SEC ----------- 00:07:00 -- Start Orbiter Access Arm retraction. The arm connecting the Access Tower and the Orbiter side hatch is retracted. If an emergency arises requiring flight crew evacuation, the arm can be ex- tended either manually or by GLS computer control in about 15 seconds. 00:05:30 -- Orbiter DFI /Devel- opment Flight Instrumentation/ recorders on. The DFI provides measurements on temperatures, pressures, and physical stress on the Orbiter. These data are reviewed after ascent. The rec- orders store this information until orbit is reached. 00:05:05 -- Operations record- ers on. 00:05:00 -- Orbiter Auxiliary Power Unit /APU/ start. The Orbiter APU's provide pressure to the three Orbiter hydraulic systems. These systems are used to move the SSME engine nozzles and aerosurfaces. Proceed with payload and stored pre-launch commands. -- SRB Ignition and Shuttle Range Safety System /SRSS/ is armed. At this point, the firing circuit for the Sol- id Rocket Booster ignition and self-destruct device is mechan- ically enabled by a motor- driven switch called a Safe and Arm device. 00:04:30 -- SSME main fuel valve heaters off. As a prepar- ation for engine start, the main fuel valve heaters are turned off. 00:04:00 -- SSME Purge Sequence 4 Start: The final helium purge sequence on the SSME's is started in preparation for engine start. 00:03:55 -- Aerosurface Pro- file: At this point, all of the elevons, body flap, speed- brake and rudder are moved through a pre-programmed pat- tern. This is to assure that they will be ready for use in flight. 00:03:30 -- Ground Power Dis- connect: Up to this point, pow- er to the space vehicle has been shared between ground pow- er supplies and the onboard fuel cells. The ground power is disconnected and the vehicle goes on internal power at this time. It will remain on inter- nal power through the rest of the mission. 00:03:25 -- SSME Gimbal Check: At this point, the SSMEs' noz- zles are moved, gimballed, through a pre-programmed pat- tern to assure that they will be ready for flight control. 00:02:55 -- ET Liquid Oxygen Pre-pressurization Start: At this point the liquid oxygen tank for the SSME's is entered into a pressurization process to bring the tanks to flight pressure. -- Start Gaseous Oxy- gen Arm Retract: The cap which fits over the ET nose cone to prevent ice buildup on the oxy- gen vents is raised off the nose cone and retracted. 00:02:35 -- Fuel Cell Ground Supply Off: Up until this time, the fuel cell oxygen and hydro- gen supplies have been adding to the onboard tanks so that a full load at liftoff will be assured. This filling operation is terminated at this time. 00:02:15 -- SSME's gimballed to start position. 00:02:00 -- Configure for Lift- off. 00:01:57 -- Liquid Hydrogen Replenishment Termination and Pre-pressurization Start: Since the liquid hydrogen tanks were filled, some of the liquid hydrogen has been turning into gas. In order to keep pressure in the tank low, this gas was vented off and piped out to a flare stack and burned. In or- der to maintain flight level, liquid hydrogen has been con- tinuously added to the tanks to replace the vented hydrogen. This operation terminates, and the tanks are brought up to flight pressure at this time. 00:01:00 -- Sound Suppression Water Power Bus Arm: The Sound Suppression System will dump water onto the Pad at ignition in order to dampen vibration and noise in the Space Shuttle. The firing system for this dump is armed at this time. 00:00:40 -- SRB DFI Recorders Start: The SRB DFI is not transmitted to the ground dur- ing ascent. Recorders in the Boosters are turned on at this time. They will record ascent performance and will be dumped after Booster recovery. -- SRB Frequency De- multiplexer Automatic Calibra- tion Command: This command tells the SRB DFI system to perform an automatic calibra- tion. This assures good data recording through flight. 00:00:38 -- Orbiter Vent Door Sequence Start: The onboard computers position the vent doors to minimize vibration in the Cargo Bay at ignition. 00:00:37 -- Confirm Gaseous Oxygen ET Arm Retract. 00:00:31 -- Go for Redundant Set Launch Sequence Start: At this point, the four primary onboard flight computers take over main control of the ter- minal count. Only one further command is needed from the ground, 'Go for Main Engine Ignition,' at approximately T- minus 6 seconds. The GLS in the integration console in the Launch Control Center still continues to monitor several hundred launch commit criteria and can call a hold if a dis- crepancy is observed. The GLS also sequences ground equipment and sends selected vehicle com- mands in the last 31 seconds. 00:00:28 -- Start SRB hydraulic power units. Two hydraulic pow- er units in each SRB are start- ed by the GLS. These provide hydraulic power for SRB nozzle gimballing for ascent first stage flight control. 00:00:21 -- SRB gimbal profile complete. As soon as SRB hy- draulic power is applied, the SRB engine nozzles are command- ed through a pre-programmed pattern to assure that they will be ready for ascent flight control during first stage. 00:00:16 -- T-zero Umbilical Release Arm. The onboard compu- ters arm the explosive devices that will separate the T-zero umbilicals and the SRB hold- down posts at SRB ignition. This is the final electrical connection between the ground and the Shuttle vehicle. -- Pre-Liftoff Sound Suppression Valves Open: The GLS opens the pre-liftoff valves for the Sound Suppres- sion water system in order to start water flow to the Launch Pad. 00:00:10 -- SRB Shuttle Range Safety System /SRSS/ inhibits removed. The SRB destruct sys- tem is now live. 00:00:09 -- SSME Prevalves Open: As the onboard flight computers enter into SSME start sequence, the prevalves are opened. These valves allow li- quid hydrogen and oxygen flow to the SSMEs' turbopumps. -- Liquid Hydrogen Recirculation Pumps Off: The recirculation pumps provide for flow of fuel through the SSME's during the terminal count. These are supplied by ground power and turned off in preparation for SSME start. -- Liquid hydrogen recirculation high point bleed valves closed, terminating re- circulation flow. 00:00:08 -- Gaseous Hydrogen Burnoff: In preparation for SSME ignition, flares are igni- ted under the SSME's. This burns away any free gaseous hy- drogen that may have collected under the SSME's during pre- start operations. -- Ground Coolant Unit Stop: The Orbiter goes on in- ternal cooling at this time, as the ground coolant units are powered off. The Orbiter will redistribute heat within itself until an altitude of 100,000 feet, where the Orbiter flash evaporators will be turned on. 00:00:06 -- All three SSME's start at 120 millisecond inter- vals and throttle up to 90 per- cent thrust levels in three seconds under control of the four onboard computers. -- Command decoder power off. The command decoders are units which allow ground control of the Orbiter if the onboard Orbiter primary compu- ters fail. These units are not accessible during flight and they are powered off at this time. 00:00:03 -- All three SSME's are verified to be at 90 per- cent thrust and SSME's gimbal- led to launch position. -- Vehicle bending loads are allowed to initialize before SRB ignition. Entire vehicle rocks forward in the direction of the External Tank approximately 25 and 1/2 in- ches. When the vehicle has rocked back to a perfect verti- cal orientation, SRB ignition can occur. 00:00:00 -- The two SRB's are ignited, under command of the four onboard computers. The four holddown explosive bolts on each SRB are initiated, and the two T-zero umbilicals on each side of the spacecraft are retracted. The onboard timers are started and the Ground Launch Sequence is ter- minated. All three SSME's are at 100 percent thrust. -- LIFTOFF [& 'b,'}cW'Q,&J''S &>' ' % &ݩצ9$שצ9E & ' &ݪצ9ϗ & & &'0 ' The SPACE TELESCOPE is the most powerful telescope ever built, enabling man to gaze seven times farther into space than previously possible -- perhaps to the outer edge of the universe. The Space Tele- scope is scheduled for launch aboard the Space Shuttle before 1990. The Shuttle also plays a major role in servicing the Telescope and performing need- ed repairs. The Space Telescope orbits the Earth at an altitude of 310 miles and, therefore, oper- ates above Earth's thick and blinding atmosphere. Today the largest Earth-based telescope can see an estimated distance of 2 billion light-years into space. The Space Telescope is able to see 14 billion light- years. The starlight received by the Telescope began its journey billions of years ago and carries with it an histori- cal record of that era. It is quite possible that the Space Telescope will one day provide an actual photograph of the birth of the universe itself. The clearer images provided by the Telescope will enable scientists to evaluate the age, mass, size, shape and evolu- tion of the universe more com- prehensively. The Space Telescope has the ability to photograph objects which are 50 times fainter than Earth-based telescopes can see, and resolution is 10 times greater. The Space Tele- scope thus may discover extra- ordinary new objects within the universe. A further advan- tage is that the Telescope can operate almost 24 hours a day, while Earth-based systems are limited to nighttime only, and only on nights when clouds do not obscure the view. The Space Telescope is con- trolled remotely with ground stations. Data acquired by the Telescope are sent electronic- ally to a ground computer and then converted into photographs or into other forms for scien- tific analysis. The Space Telescope weighs about 24,000 pounds and has a length of 43 feet, with a dia- meter of 14 feet. The Space Telescope is a 94-inch reflec- tor and is protected by a sun- shade and meteoroid shield. ~t ~svq|ss0'p~s0    1987     .   tq2&/筟" $ 4? &?&t&֎&tÆttttntstOottçtħtt1tt$|tt&|tt |t@9&O&0@%L&Z]&UqJ"uss ss2ss@~tu^u^1u^u`$|ucuc&|ubuc |uc@9&O&0@Au%L&Z]&Uqss ss2ss~t~PPq[2& ?@"@&01?&U' V' '0 Ì$$0 oPPP`PPPPP1P&$|PP&|PP @9 &92& 筟9PADJUST COLOR, THEN USE THE ARROWKEYS TO SCROLL THE INSTRUCTIONS. "SHUTTLE LAUNCH CONTROL & DATA BASE" IS AN EDUCATIONAL COMPUTER PROGRAM WRITTEN IN 6809 MACHINE LANGUAGE. THE PROGRAM PROVIDES THE USER WITH VALUABLE, COMPREHENSIVE IN- STRUCTION ON THE OPERATION OF AMERICA'S SPACE SHUTTLE SYS- TEM. HIGHLY DETAILED GRAPHICS, COLOR ANIMATION, AND A VAST LIBRARY OF AEROSPACE KNOWLEDGE ARE DESIGNED FOR YOUR EASY ACCESS AND PLEASURABLE USE. BEFORE LOADING THE PROGRAM, MAKE CERTAIN THERE IS NO TAB COVERING YOUR DISK'S WRITE- PROTECT NOTCH. SUCH A TAB WILL INHIBIT ESSENTIAL DISK OPERA- TION, WHICH INCLUDES WRITING TO THE PROGRAM DISK ITSELF. TO LOAD THE PROGRAM, PLACE THE PROGRAM DISK IN DRIVE 0 AND TYPE: LOADM "SHUTTLE". IT IS UNNECESSARY TO USE THE "EXEC" COMMAND, BECAUSE THE PROGRAM WILL SELF-EXECUTE. AFTER THE PROGRAM HAS LOADED AND STARTED, DO NOT REMOVE THE DISK FROM DRIVE 0. IT WILL SOON BE NEEDED AGAIN. IF YOU USE DISK BASIC 1.1 OR HIGHER, YOU MAY ALSO LOAD THE PROGRAM BY USING THE "DOS" COMMAND. SIMPLY TYPE "DOS" AND PRESS THE KEY. AFTER ARRIVING AT THE DISK MAIN MENU, YOU MAY BRANCH THE PROGRAM IN THREE DIRECTIONS: 1. SHUTTLE LAUNCH CONTROL 2. SHUTTLE DATA BASE 3. FLIGHT LOG PRESSING #1 WILL TAKE YOU TO THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER FOR A SHUTTLE LAUNCH. INSIDE THE LAUNCH CONTROL CENTER, YOU WILL FEEL THE EXCITEMENT OF THE FINAL 9-MINUTE COUNTDOWN. FOLLOWING COUNTDOWN AND LIFT- OFF, THE SHUTTLE WILL MOST LIKELY CLIMB GRACEFULLY INTO EARTH ORBIT. HOWEVER, THERE IS A 20 PERCENT POSSIBILITY THE SHUTTLE WILL BE DESTROYED IN A CATASTROPHIC EXPLOSION. THE FIERY EXPLOSION IS A HAUNTING RECREATION OF THE 1986 CHALLEN- GER TRAGEDY. THE LAUNCH CONTROL COMPUTER WILL INSTRUCT YOU TO "TOUCH TO BEGIN THE FINAL 9- MINUTE COUNTDOWN." IF YOU WISH TO SABOTAGE THE SHUTTLE AND FORCE AN EXPLOSION, TOUCH INSTEAD OF . SELECTING #2 FROM THE DISK MAIN MENU TAKES YOU TO THE SHUTTLE DATA BASE. FROM THE DATA BASE MENU, YOU MAY SELECT ONE OF MANY INFORMATIVE ARTI- CLES TO STUDY. THE TEXT IN THESE ARTICLES DETAILS ALL COMPONENTS OF THE SPACE SHUT- TLE SYSTEM. RELATED TOPICS, AND A SHUTTLE DIAGRAM, ARE ALSO EXPLAINED WITHIN THE DATA BASE. AFTER YOU SELECT A DESIRED TOPIC WITHIN THE DATA BASE, YOU MAY USE THE ARROW KEYS TO SCROLL UP AND DOWN THROUGH THE HI-RES TEXT DISPLAY. IF YOU WISH TO PRINT AN ARTICLE, TOUCH

. TO ABORT THE PRINT MODE, YOU MAY TOUCH OR THE RESET BUTTON. THE PROGRAM'S PRINT DRIVER DOES NOT ALTER THE PRINTER BAUD RATE DEFAULT VALUE AT DECIMAL MEMORY LOCATION 150. THUS, IF YOU USUALLY POKE A FOREIGN VALUE INTO LOCATION 150, YOU SHOULD DO SO BEFORE LOADING THE PROGRAM. DOCUMENTS WITHIN THE DATA BASE WERE PREPARED WITH MATER- IAL PROVIDED BY: NASA'S OFFICE OF PUBLIC INFORMATION, ROCK- WELL INTERNATIONAL, MORTON THIOKOL, AND THROUGH PERSONAL COMMUNICATION WITH NASA MEDIA ADVISORS. DATA BASE ARTICLES, WITH ONE EXCEPTION, ASSUME THE USER IS UNFAMILIAR WITH THE SUBJECT MATTER PRESENTED. THE ONLY EXCEPTION IS THE "COUNT- DOWN MILESTONES" SECTION, WHICH, BY ITS NATURE, REQUIRES MORE SPECIALIZED TERMINOLOGY. SELECTING #3 FROM THE DISK MAIN MENU TAKES YOU TO THE FLIGHT LOG. HERE YOU CAN CRE- ATE AN HISTORICAL RECORD OF ALL ACTUAL SHUTTLE FLIGHTS. THE FIRST 25 FLIGHTS, UP TO THE CHALLENGER ACCIDENT, HAVE BEEN LOGGED ALREADY. YOU, THE USER, MUST MAKE ADDITIONAL ENTRIES INTO THE FLIGHT LOG AS ACTUAL SHUTTLE FLIGHTS OCCUR. TO PRINT THE FLIGHT LOG, TOUCH

. TO ABORT THE PRINT MODE, TOUCH OR THE RE- SET BUTTON. THE FLIGHT LOG MENU DE- SCRIBES A SIMPLE PROCEDURE FOR CORRECTING ERRONEOUS ENTRIES. BUT IF YOU SOMEHOW MANAGE TO CRASH THE ENTIRE FLIGHT LOG, YOU MAY RESTORE THE RECORD TO ITS ORIGINAL CONDITION BY EXE- CUTING THE "RESTORE" PROGRAM ON THIS DISK. BEFORE USING THE FLIGHT LOG TO RECORD ACTUAL SPACE SHUTTLE FLIGHTS, IT MIGHT BE A GOOD IDEA TO EXPERIMENT BY LOGGING SOME IMAGINARY FLIGHTS. LATER YOU CAN ERASE ALL OF YOUR "TEST FLIGHTS" BY EXECUTING THE "RESTORE" PROGRAM. THE FLIGHT LOG WILL RECORD MORE THAN 200 SHUTTLE FLIGHTS. ONE LAST WORD: "SHUTTLE LAUNCH CONTROL & DATA BASE" USES ONLY DOCUMENTED ROM CALLS LONG ESTABLISHED BY TANDY. IF, HOWEVER, YOU HAVE ABANDON TANDY'S DISK BASIC IN FAVOR OF ANOTHER OPERATING SYSTEM, I WOULD SUGGEST DISABLING THAT SYSTEM BEFORE LOADING THE PRO- GRAM. THIS GUARANTEES SMOOTH OPERATION. IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS WITH THIS PROGRAM, PLEASE CONTACT ME: DAVID MILLS 2236 WASHINGTON AVE., HUNTING- TON, W.VA. 25704 * (304) 429- 1905 * CIS: 75266,243 * DELPHI USERNAME: DAVIDMILLS. I AM LOOKING FOR COMPUTER PENPALS TO SHARE IDEAS AND PROGRAMS. PLEASE LET ME HEAR FROM YOU!!! I HOPE YOU WILL COPY THIS DISK FOR YOUR FRIENDS. '" &'(&Ś)&9~-12811481 1281 14812282308227820482 1182 168204830983188324833083 0583 2883 088303841184068413843084 0584 0584 1384 0884 168424852785128519852985068517852485298506852785 0385 0385 0785 3085 0685 2685 03851286188628862886 qaod efgi&N'Y' q~'&''0&׭''Ё3&ĭ''0&''3&|''8&i''4&Vxd!efgiQdoefgg1gi$|ff&|ef |f@9& L THE SHUTTLE FLIGHT LOG HAS BEEN RESTORED TO ITS ORIGINAL CONDITION. y ' ~ٶ##942GIBD', B}F' K1?& I1?I&529@B}F& @B DFG,K@B 4DF2GK`92& 筟9 &9-12811481 1281 14812282308227820482 1182 168204830983188324833083 0583 2883 088303841184068413843084 0584 0584 1384 0884 168424852785128519852985068517852485298506852785 0385 0385 078````````````````````````````````THIS`DISK`FILE`WILL`RESTORE`THE`SHUTTLE`FLIGHT`LOG`TO`ITS`ORIGINAL`CONTENTSl`STORING`A``RECORD`OF`FLIGHTS`q`m`ru`ONLYn````````````````````````````````ANY`ADDITIONAL`SPACE`FLIGHTSLOGGED`BY`THE`SYSTEM`OPERATOR`WILL`BE`DELETEDn`IF`YOU`HAVE``NOT`LOGGED`ADDITIONAL`FLIGHTSlTHIS`PROGRAM`WILL`NOT`AFFECT``THE`DISK`RECORDn````````````````````````````````````````````      ? (/)````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````TO`RESTORE`THE`FLIGHT`LOG`TOITS`ORIGINAL`CONDITIONl`ENTERz``````````````````````````````````````````pspsxt``````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````TO`EXITl`TOUCH`|BREAK~n`````````````````````````````````12811481 1281 14812282308227820482 1182 168204830983188324833083 0583 2883 088303841184068413843084 0584 0584 1384 0884 168424852785128519852985068517852485298506852785 0385 0385 0785 3085 0685 2685 0385128618862886288620872087 d efgi&N'Y' q~'&''0&׭''Ё3&ĭ''0&''3&|''8&i''4&Vxd!efgiQdoefgg1gi$|ff&|ef |f@9!& L THE SHUTTLE FLIGHT LOG HAS BEEN RESTORED TO ITS ORIGINAL CONDITION. y ' ~ٶ##942GIBD', B}F' K1?& I1?I&529@B}F& 2@B DFG,K@B DF2GK`92& 筟9 &9???@OSq2&44@% IF$iaiXI$\jb&FVjc&5S9'+XI0&9DV0&9)%O_9&'1&O45%9 '٦F"ӆ9_'w& m*]CS9&T*&  ' 9.''&O9+'-&9@''X$'" &'(&Ś)&94A'~4& M"SHUTTLE/BIN" ֎'& ' ~u'@ T':a& ' OZ䦀$0a"#4a031?&53 &05 ma'a''.'94V論&.& 1O$ 5V95V +-*!/4! &<=  ,;)]ANDDIV4EQUMOD~NEQNOTOR XORo#4W3$0 & _P0"(ABBZ&ooBS0愦A&E&+&6ŀ& ' *@'w'5W5'ŀ&焍RUO 4&6ŀ&'&ʀ焦A' 焮C 4C5' 'A&@焍 #*)GĊ9BADBUFFERDEFINED ERROFULLINMISSINGNOOPERANSYMBOMACR TABLEEN WITHOUTDRIVE NOT READIODOSFILE NOT FOUNW.END OF FILDIRECTORY DISK DISK WRITE PROTECTEFILE DESCRIPTOFMRECORILLI LOVE WIESIA MILLS VERY MUCH!!!THIS PROGRAM IS COPYRIGHTED (C) 1987, BY DAVID A. MILLS